How do we get vitamin D from sunlight?

VITAMIN D ISN’T an ingredient of sunlight; sunlight triggers the reaction that makes it. Vitamin D is a group of related compounds and D3 is the one that requires sunlight. Cholesterol in our diet is first converted to 7-dehydrocholesterol and then UVB radiation in sunlight triggers a reaction that creates first previtamin D3, and then vitamin D3 proper. In the UK, you need the sunshine levels of a summer’s day to create vitamin D and it only works outdoors, because glass blocks UVB radiation.

What benefits can coconut water provide an exerciser?

Coconut water, the clear liquid found in coconuts, is rich in sugars and amino acids, as well as calcium, magnesium, potassium, and sodium, important electrolytes lost to sweat during exercise.
These qualities make coconut water an attractive choice for replenishing your body after exercise.
Given all the nutrients you can gain for only 46 calories per 200 ml-glass, coconut water is generally a good choice for staying hydrated, and it may be better than sweetened energy drinks after a workout.

 

How to lose weight

More than one-third of adults in the United States are obese. In fact, the furor over obesity, which some have termed an “epidemic,” has reached such proportions that one big-city mayor has gone about banning large-sized, sugary soft drinks and the First Lady has been on a crusade to control the dietary offerings in public schools.
Even many adults who do not fit the clinic definition of obese are still overweight, and a large percentage are looking for the best ways to lose weight.

10 of The Biggest Lies in History

10. The Trojan Horse

If all is fair in love and ­war, this might be the most forgivable of the big lies. When the Trojan Paris absconded with Helen, wife of the Spartan king, war exploded. It had been raging for 10 long years when the Trojans believed they had finally overcome the Greeks. Little did they know, the Greeks had another trick up their sleeves.

In a stroke of genius, the Greeks built an enormous wooden horse with a hollow belly in which men could hide. After the Greeks convinced their foes that this structure was a peace offering, the Trojans happily accepted it and brought the horse within their fortified city. That night, as the Trojans slept, Greeks hidden inside snuck out the trap door. Then, they proceeded to slaughter and decisively defeat the Trojans.

This was unquestionably one of the biggest and most successful tricks known to history -- that is, if it's true. Homer mentions the occurrence in "The Iliad," and Virgil extrapolates the story in "The Aeneid." Evidence suggests that Troy itself existed, giving some validity to Homer's tales, and scholars have long been investigating how historically accurate these details are. One theory behind the Trojan horse comes from historian Michael Wood, who proposes that it was merely a battering ram in the shape of a horse that infiltrated the city [source: Haughton].

10 Scariest Bioweapons

Small pox

Smallpox is caused by the variola virus. The most common form of the disease has a 30 percent mortality rate [source: CDC]. Signs of smallpox include high fevers, body aches, and a rash that develops from fluid-filled bumps and scabs to permanent, pitted scars. The disease predominantly spreads through direct contact with an infected person's skin or bodily fluids, but also can be spread though the air in close, confined environments.

In 1967, the World Health Organization (WHO) spearheaded an effort to eradicate smallpox through mass vaccinations. As a result, 1977 marked the last naturally occurring case of smallpox. The disease was effectively eliminated from the natural world, but laboratory copies of smallpox still exist. Both Russia and the United States possess WHO-approved stores, but as smallpox played a role in several nations' bioweapons programs, it's unknown how many secret stockpiles still exist.

T­­he CDC classifies smallpox as a Category A biological weapon due to its high mortality rate and the fact that it can be transmitted through the air. While a smallpox vaccine exists, typically only medical and military personnel undergo vaccination -- meaning the rest of the population is very much at risk if smallpox were unleashed as a weapon. How might the virus be released? Probably in aerosol form or even in the old-fashioned wa­y: by sending an infected individual directly into the target area.

The method for unleashing a biological weapon doesn't have to be flashy, however.

Anthrax

Most cases of anthrax are cutaneous, transmitted through skin contact with the spores. The most deadly form is inhalation anthrax, when the spores travel to the lungs and then the immune cells carry them to the lymph nodes. Here, the spores multiply and release toxins that result in such symptoms as fever, respiratory problems, fatigue, muscle aches, enlarged lymph nodes, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and black ulcers. Inhalation anthrax carries the highest mortality rate of the three (100 percent, 75 percent with medical treatment), and unfortunately, that was the form contracted by all five casualties from the 2001 anthrax letters [source: NPR].

The disease isn't easy to catch under normal situations, and it can't be transmitted from person to person. Still, health workers, veterinarians and military personnel normally undergo vaccinations. The rest of us, however, remain at risk if someone were bent on another anthrax attack.

Along with the lack of widespread vaccination -- a common theme among our scary bioweapon nominees -- longevity is another point in anthrax's favor. Many harmful biological agents can only survive a short while under certain conditions. But hardy B. anthracis can sit on the shelf for 40 years or more and still pose a lethal threat.

Cost of Being Batman

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Bahasa Ingris

Apakah Anda berpikir Anda tahu banyak mengenai bahasa Inggris? Semaklah sejumlah fakta menarik mengenai bahasa Inggris berikut:

1. ‘Stewardesses’ adalah kata terpanjang yang dapat ditaip pada keyboard hanya dengan menggunakan tangan kiri Anda. Sedangkan untuk tangan kanan, ‘lollipop’ adalah yang terpanjang.
2. Tidak ada kata dalam bahasa Inggris yang bersajak/berima dengan ‘month’, ‘orange’, ‘silver’, ‘purple’, ‘angst’ and ‘scalp’.
3.  ‘Dreamt’ adalah satu-satunya kata bahasa Inggris yang berakhir dengan huruf ‘mt’.
4.  Ungkapan ‘The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog’ menggunakan setiap huruf yang ada dalam abjad.
5. Kata ‘racecar’, ‘kayak’ dan ‘level’ dapat dibaca terbalik dari kiri ke kanan ataupun dari kanan ke kiri.
6. Hanya ada empat kata dalam bahasa Inggris yang berakhir dengan suku kata ‘dous’, iaitu: ‘tremendous’, ‘horrendous’, ‘stupendous’ dan ‘hazardous’.
7. Ada dua kata dalam bahasa Inggris yang menggunakan kelima-lima vowel secara berurutan (a, e, i, o, u), iaitu: ‘abstemious’ dan ‘facetious’.
8. ‘Typewriter’ adalah kata terpanjang yang dapat diketik menggunakan huruf-huruf yang terdapat pada satu baris tombol keyboard (baris QWERTY).
9. Huruf yang paling sering dipakai dalam bahasa Inggris adalah huruf ‘e’. Ini merupakan fakta baik dalam penggunaan bahasa Inggris secara umum, dalam karya faksyen dan non-faksyen, jurnalisme, kitab suci dan bahkan kod Morse!
10. Untuk huruf konsonan, huruf yang paling sering dipakai adalah huruf ‘t’.
11.  Huruf yang paling sedikit digunakan dalam bahasa Inggris adalah ‘q’ – bukan ‘z’.
12. Lima huruf yang paling sering muncul sebagai huruf pertama dalam kata bahasa Inggris – secara berurutan – adalah ‘t’, ‘o’, ‘a’, ‘w’ dan ‘b’.
13.  Hampir setengah dari seluruh kata bahasa Inggris diakhiri oleh huruf ‘e’, ‘t’, ‘d’ dan ‘s’.
14. ‘The’ adalah kata yang paling sering digunakan dalam bahasa Inggris. Tidak percaya ? cubalah tutur dalam bahasa Inggris biasa yang sebenar selama 5 minit tanpa menggunakan kata ‘the’.